Figure 2 shows the effect of shale gas on estimates over the past seven years of u. California specific powertogas business case assessment o joint carbdoenrel analysis activity o business case analysis for powertogas systems o nearterm assessment o look at several specific locations in california o business case includes multisector integration and credit markets i. Pdf the most important properties in shale gas plays are the. Resource and technology case, domestic crude oil and dry natural gas. Although the shale gas potential of many nations is being studied, as of 20, only the us, canada, and china produce shale gas in commercial quantities, and only the us and canada have significant shale gas production. A reliable gas management system is vital the gas management system is a key element of every hospital. Advances in drilling technology have made vast resources of gas and oil accessible, which until this point had been considered stranded. It also presents a summary of regulations applicable to the natural gas production industry, and details the environmental considerations related to shale gas development.
Technology, environmental implications, and economics climate change policy partnership 3 abstract increasing demand for natural gas and high natural gas prices in the recent past has led many to pursue unconventional methods of natural gas. Shale gas formations are unconventional reservoirs i. In terms of chemical makeup, shale gas is typically a dry gas composed primarily of methane 6095% vv, but some formations do produce wet gas. Based on the features of shale gas reservoirs, the adsorptiondesorption mechanisms, and their influencing factors, hightemperature mixture gas flooding is proposed in this article. Here we look at the major components of hydraulic fracturing, its environmental implications, and its impact on the us and global economies. Comprehensive environmental impacts and optimization of. Shell first became involved in gasification technology when the shell gasification process sgp units were commissioned in the 1950s to produce syngas using gaseous and liquid feedstocks, such as refinery residual oil. A global resource producing commercial quantities of natural gas from organicrich shales was uncommon a decade ago. Technically recoverable shale oil and shale gas resources. Shale gas is a form of natural gas mostly methane, found underground in shale rock. The main difference between tight gas and shale gas, however, is that tight gas can be found in low permeability sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones, while shale gas rocks are usually impermeable 2 royal dutch shell plc. Shale gas, natural gas obtained from sheetlike formations of shale, frequently at depths exceeding 1,500 metres 5,000 feet. Climate impact of potential shale gas production in the eu.
Shale gas is the term often used to describe both tight gas and shale gas resources. Energy information administration, world shale gas resources. What is shale gas, how is it extracted through fracking and what are frackings impacts. Availability and experience in equipment technology. Intrinsic safety is a method of protection in which an explosion is prevented through an electrical design using energy storage devices in which the. The life cycle boundary determines which life cycle stagesand which processes attributable to those stagesare included in the assessment. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a technique that uses water, pumped at high pressure, into the rock to create narrow fractures to allow the gas to flow into the. Shale gas is natural gas produced from shale formations that typically function as both the reservoir and the source rocks for the natural gas. The most common technique to measure the mineralogy content of a rock is. These technologies have been practised in europe since the 1950s and 1980s. Success in the barnett shale of central texas, usa, launched a new way of thinking about shale source rocks. Our differentiating technology portfolio and expertise in process design and engineering provide the optimal gas treatment based on the parameters of your specific operation. An increase in natural gas use through 2040 is certainly possible in scenarios with low gas. Lummus technologys randall gas natural gas processing technologies include extensive gas conditioning and treating capabilities, including the removal of mercury, co 2 and h 2 s from gas streams.
Shale gas was generated from organic mud deposited at the bottom of ancient bodies of water. Read the halliburton case studies to see why leading companies are choosing halliburton products and services for their upstream energy needs. The natural gas transmission and distribution module ngtdm, a component of the u. Lessons from abroad and implications for switzerland pdf, 1. We also have extensive experience and knowhow for co 2 enhanced oil recovery and co 2 recovery from flue gas. Werner leu, geoform, geological consulting and studies. Over the past few decades the oil and natural gas industry has transformed into one of the most technologically advanced industries in the united states. Modern hydraulic fracturing technology involves sophisficated engineering. A new technology for the exploration of shale gas reservoirs article pdf available in petroleum science and technology 2923. This contrasts with a conventional gas reservoir produced from sands and carbonates such as. We are using advanced technology developed and refined over 60 years to safely unlock resources of natural gas trapped tightly inside dense rock in extremely fine pores.
Shale gas extraction explained many believe the us is on the brink of a new industrial age, as it benefits from a recent energy boom. Shale gas opposition has been describing extraction methods as ecological threat to water supplies. Paper presented at the unconventional resources technology. What is shale gas, how is it extracted through fracking. Pdf the most important properties in shale gas plays are the mineralogical. Hydrogen energy storage hes and powertogas economic. Written in an easy to read format, shale gas production processes will prove useful for those scientists and engineers already engaged in fossil fuel science and technology as well as scientists, nonscientists, engineers, and nonengineers who wish to gain a general overview or update of the science and technology of shale gas. For example, a life cycle boundary for shale gas often includes stages for exploration, drilling, fracturing, well production, processing, and. The production of this hydrocarbon resource was pioneered by the usa that accumulated considerable experience in development of the shale gas plays. Shales are finegrained sedimentary rocks consisting of silt and claysized particles that were laid down hundreds of millions of years ago as organicrich mud at the.
These impurities must be removed prior to transmitting gas to a processing facility. Bentonite contributes the most to the abiotic depletion potential elements impact. While many examples and practices are drawn from experience in the us, this note is intended to be relevant to a global audience. In some cases, this fast expansion has resulted in natural gas drilling and. Pdf a new technology for the exploration of shale gas. The technology of shale gas production is changing all the time, but the basic steps are these. Development of shale gas has changed the dynamics of gas markets in the us, and shales may also become a major source of gas in other parts of the world. Shale drilling site in pennsylvania photo helge hansen. Risk and benefit to health notes from the literature. Energy information administration s eias national energy modeling system nems, is currently undergoing a redesign.
This involves a great deal of responsibility, which we are happy to take on for you. Identification of massive global resources and development of technology for economically producing gas from such sources is making a huge impact on the energy picture. An initial assessment of 14 regions outside the united. Mitigating the flaring of natural gas in north dakota a comprehensive report on pathways for mitigation of natural gas flaring energy and the environment certificate duke university design capstone report dylan brown ryder quigley isaac fraynd ilhan savut max orenstein paul burgess rui wang jacob goyne. Natural gas production from shale formations finegrained sedimentary rocks with relatively low permeability that can be rich sources of petroleum and natural gas is one of the most rapidlygrowing trends in u. Shale gas has a high marine ecotoxicity potential, among other environmental impacts. As with any drilling and extraction process shale gas extraction may bring. Desorption of shale gas is an important mechanism and power source of shale gas reservoir development. No other development since the oil shock of the 1970s has shaken up the global energy landscape as much as shale gas. Since 2008, the shale gas boom in north america has brought this particular unconventional gas, and the techniques used to produce it, to the forefront of the. According to eia eia, 2011 the total gas resources of the world are. Shale gas exploration and production key issues and. Petrophysical analysis of sylhet gas field using well logs.
Concerns are raised because four countries added to global shale oil and natural gas resource. North americas economic turbocharger industry commentary when looking at the shale gas ttr,of the top ten countries in figure 2, it is china that has the largest shale gas resources at. With the advance of extraction technology, shale gas production has led to a new abundance of natural gas supply in the united states over the past decade, and is expected to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. In 1972, shell began developing a gasification process for coal shell coal gasification process scgp, which included the construction of a 6tonperday tpd pilot plant. While china has ambitious plans to dramatically increase its shale gas production, these efforts have been checked by inadequate access to technology, water, and land. The history of shale gas production goes back more than two centuries. New innovations have reshaped the industry into a technology leader. Permeability refers to the capacity of a porous, sediment, soil or rock in this case to transmit a fluid. It is at the beginning of a supply chain whose last link is the patient and provides vital medical gases. Over long spans of geologic time, some of the gas migrated to adjacent sandstones and was trapped.
Natural gas vehicle technology forum brookhaven national laboratory upton, new york. Subsequent sedimentation and the resultant heat and pressure transformed the mud into shale and also produced natural gas from the organic matter contained in it. A guide to shale gas energy knowledge energy institute. Todays technology helps us reduce our environmental footprint, cut down the number of drilled wells, and lower costs. The key solutions to unlock shale gas value are all aimed at counterbalancing the low permeability of shales.
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